Chapter 4 of our text book given an introductions to two designing methods for
programming, including Object Oriented Programming and Top-down design. The answers for
the questions below can be found in Chapter 4.
Top-Down Design
A technique for developing a program in which the problem is divided into more easily
handled subproblems, the solutions of which create a solution to the overall problem.
Object-Oriented Programming
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a new programming paradigm. The structured
programming paradigm was based on the division of the program in functional modules
(called functions, procedures or subroutines). In the structured paradigm, the data is a
passive entity, which is operated by the active functional modules. In contrast, The OOP
paradigm is based on the division of the program in classes, that have both behavior and
state. We say that every object is an instance of a class. A class may have several
instances. Each instance has its own state, but all instances of the same class present
the same behavior. In OOP, all objects are active. They communicate through message
passing, like people. Thus, the OOP paradigm is much easier to learn.
This Assignment has 2 parts:
You are to search the Internet (web sites) that describe and give examples of these two
methods of program design. These can be other Universities that have courses online,
technical web sites, books online, etc. You will find 3 sites related to Top-Down Design
and 3 relating to Object-Oriented Programming.
Once you find those sites you are to create a brief paragraph explaining what can be
found on this site and what is their definition for Top-Down Design and Object-Oriented
Programming (use copy and paste between your browser and text editor)
Your are to turn in:
If you need any assistance on how to use the web browser to find information on the
internet please let your instructor know.
Answer these questions on the third page. There is no need to copy the question, but
TYPE the answer.
- The problem-solving phase of programming includes analysis and design.
- In a top-down design, a concrete step is one in which some of the implementation details
remain unspecified.
- A hierarchical implementation of a top-down design is one in which some or all of the
modules are implemented as separate C++ functions.
- Top-down design focuses on actions and algorithms, whereas object-oriented design
focuses on entities (objects) and their associated operations.
- Which of the following statements about top-down design is false?
a. Modules are the basic building blocks of top-down design.
b. Each level of a solution tree is more abstract (less detailed) than the level above it.
c. A module can contain both abstract steps and concrete steps.
d. A concrete step is a step that can be translated directly into C++ code.
e. none of the above
- Which of the following statements about object-oriented design (OOD) is false?
a. OOD focuses on entities (objects) and operations on those objects.
b. The first step in OOD is to identify the major objects in the problem, together with
their associated operations.
c. In OOD, data plays a secondary role in support of actions to be performed.
d. Object-oriented programming languages have been developed specifically to support OOD.
e. OOD and top-down design can be used in combination with each other to solve problems.
- In the problem-solving phase of programming, a(n) ____________________ is a
self-contained collection of steps that solves a problem or subproblem.
- ____________________ is a property of a module that performs exactly the same operation
as the higher-level abstract step it defines.
- In essence, the concept of ____________________ means that a module should do just one
thing and do it well.
- When a top-down design is implemented as one long sequence of steps, it is called a(n)
____________________ implementation.
- In top-down design, a(n) ____________________ is a diagram of the hierarchical structure
of the solution.
- ____________________ is a technique for developing a program in which the solution is
expressed in terms of objects "self-contained entities composed of data and
operations on the data.
- In an object-oriented programming language, a(n) ____________________ is a
programmer-defined data type from which objects are created.
- Program code is said to be ____________________ if it contains meaningful identifiers
and judiciously used clarifying comments.
