1	Calculations, Visualization, and Simulation
2	Chapter Outline
3	The Spreadsheet Addresses (column letter and row number, e.g., A1, C12)
4	The Spreadsheet Values such as numbers and dates
5	The Spreadsheet Formulas allow you to create instructions using mathematical expressions and commands
6	Spreadsheet Features
7	Spreadsheet Features Formulas can be relative, so they refer to different cells when they are copied Or absolute, so the formula references never change when they are copied
8	Spreadsheet Features Automatic recalculation
9	Spreadsheet Features Functions (e.g., SUM, AVG, SQRT) are used to automate complex calculations Macros let you store keystrokes and commands so they can be played back automatically Templates offer ready-to-use worksheets with labels and formulas already entered
10	Spreadsheet Features Linking spreadsheets together
11	Spreadsheet Features Search for information Sort the data by a specific criteria Merge the data with a word processor Generate reports
12	“What If?” Spreadsheets allow you to change numbers and instantly see the effects of those changes. “What if I enter this value?”
13	Spreadsheet Graphics: From Digits to Drawings Charts allow you to turn numbers into visual data:
14	Spreadsheet Graphics: From Digits to Drawings Bar charts (use if data falls into a few categories)
15	Statistical Software: Beyond Spreadsheets Accounting and Financial Management software allows you to do electronically handle routine transactions such as: writing checks balancing accounts creating budgets
16	Statistical Software: Beyond Spreadsheets Mathematics Processing software turns abstract mathematical relationships into visual objects.
17	Statistical Software: Beyond Spreadsheets Statistical and data analysis software collects and analyzes data that tests the strength of data relationships.
18	Statistical Software: Beyond Spreadsheets Scientific visualization software uses shape, location in space, color, brightness, and motion to help us visualize data.
19	Calculated Risks: Computer Modeling and Simulation Computer modeling uses computers to create abstract models of objects, organisms, organizations, and processes
20	Computer Modeling and Simulation Examples: computer games (chess boards, sports arenas, and mythological societies) computer models of organisms, objects, and organizations flight simulators and simulations of science lab activities managing a business, city, or nation
21	Computer Simulation Computer Simulations are widely used for research in the physical, biological, and social sciences, and in engineering.
22	Computer Modeling and Simulation Schools, businesses, and the military use simulations for training because: Safety: non-threatening environments Economy: less expensive than real life Projection: less threatening to systems Visualization: allows to see and understand Replication: allows repetition of projects
23	Computer Simulation: The Risks Risks: Simulation isn’t reality. Not all factors can be entered into the model or simulation.
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