Format: 33 multiple choice questions, 8 matching
Terms to know: angle of repose, gradient, soil, litter, humus, regolith, porosity, permeability, eskers, cirques, aquifer, artesian system, braided streams (requires a high sediment load), incised meanders (require lateral erosion followed by uplift and downcutting), sea stack, headland, baymouth bar, fjord, sea arch, berm, recurved spit, tombolo, ventifact, desert pavement, bajada, pediment. playa, wadi, yardang, truncated spur, hanging valley, horn, arete, rouche moutonee, barrier islands, wave-cut platforms, estuary, pothole, glacial polish and striation, cut bank
Mass wasting: creep is the slowest and produces "trees with knees", a rockfall is the fastest and produces talus (and forms often as the result of frost action); the fundamental cause of mass wasting is gravity overcoming a slope's resisting force
Dunes: barchan (requires a limited supply of sand and one predominant wind direction); transverse (requires abundant sand and one predominant wind direction), parabolic (requires anchoring vegetation and one predominant wind direction--common along coasts); longitudinal (requires two predominant directions of wind that are not directly opposing each other); star (requires 3 or more wind directions)
Most ocean waves are produced
by wind
Most erosion in deserts
is caused by water
Mechanical weathering increases
the rate of chemical weathering by breaking rocks into smaller fragments
and exposing more surface area.
For all of the "features"
you should know if they are erosional or depositional, what is causing
the erosion and deposition (wind, water, ice), and how they form
Weathering: abrasion,
frost action, pressure relief, crystal growth (such as salt cracking),
thermal expansion and contraction, activity of orgaisms - you should understand
how these relate to features we've discussed (such as abrasion causing
glacial polish and striations, pressure release causing the shape of the
granite domes in Yosemite, frost action causing a talus slope in Canada).