THE HERO/O HERÓI(2004, Angola, 97 min.), directed by Zézé Gamboa; screenplay by Pierre-Marie Goulet and Carla Baptista; cinematography by Mario Masini; music by David Linx and Diederik Wissels; edited by Anna Ruiz; with With Oumar Makéna Diop (Vitório, the former soldier), Milton “Santo” Coelho (Manu), Neusa Borges (Floa, his Grandmother), Patricia Bull (Joana his teacher), Maria Ceiça (Judite/Bárbara, the prostitute), Raúl Rosario (Pedro).  In Portuguese with English subtitles.

 

 

We hereby declare that Vitório Silva showed great courage and heroic behavior in the fight for the independence of our country . . .

 

Tall, handsome, strong, with a sensitive and thoughtful face, the war hero trudges around Luanda, seemingly hitting up every shop, factory, construction site, and garage, looking for work.  He, Vitório, is an amputee, victim of a land mine in the final days of the thirty-year Angolan war (first a struggle for independence, then a civil war).  He was forcibly conscripted into the army when he was 15, and has been a soldier for twenty years, rising to the rank of sergeant. The letter of commendation that he carries should be enough to win him the gratitude of his country and an open door to decent treatment.  But it doesn’t.  

 

The war is over, or at least the cancer of war is temporarily in remission.  It is a time for shattered families to reunite and restore their broken lives.  However, while the dream endures, the reality is very different.  The capital city of Luanda, which had once been a city with a half-million residents, now has 4 million.  War has stripped the countryside of its inhabitants and driven them to the city.  War, and the legacy of war: the landmines (estimated at 15 for every resident) that were “planted” in every field.  Most of the arable land can not be farmed because of these mines, and so people drift to the big city, looking for work.  They sleep on the streets, drift into prostitution and petty thievery (especially the street kids, frequently the orphans of war), all of which makes this lovely city a dangerous place.

 

They are joined by the many demobilized soldiers who had been promised a good life and decent work as recompense for their years of privation, risk, and isolation.  The government has plenty of “reintegration” plans and patriotic rallies, but little else for them.

 

This is the city to which Vitório has come at the beginning of the film.  He desperately needs a prosthetic leg, but they are in short supply.  He is stubborn, persistent—he believes that the only barrier to gainful employment is his lack of a prosthetic limb—and eventually prevails upon the hospital staff to get him his leg.  However, as we see, doors still shut in his face, and he begins to seek solace and refuge among the prostitutes and the bar-hounds, waiting for his chance to come.  This in turn will create deeper challenges for him, as it leads to the loss of his precious prosthetic leg.

 

At the same time, we have met and are following the story of another primary character, young Manu.  Manu lives with his hard-working grandmother, who keeps a stall in the local market and struggles to keep them afloat.  Manu’s mother left for the war when he was an infant, and his father—a widely-respected young man with enormous potential—was sucked into the conflict when Manu was just five years old.  Manu vacillates between street-wise cynicism about his father’s fate and irrational dreams of his eventual return.  Meanwhile, he is starting to get involved in street life, despite his obvious intelligence and academic ability.  Leader of his own little gang, he is also the target of another gang, headed by a boy nicknamed Cácá, who is becoming a serious criminal.  Both Cácá and Manu will become entangled in Vitório’s story.

 

A third strand of the film involves Manu’s vivacious, idealistic young teacher, Joana.  Daughter of an African mother and a Portuguese father, she is a child of privilege and somewhat

naďve.   She is very concerned about Manu’s lack of performance in school for reasons that are initially unclear; eventually, we learn that she carries a deep affection and admiration for Manu’s absent father, whom she knew when she was just a teenager.  For most of the film she is out of work, because the teachers have been forced to go out on strike due to government incompetence; this is extremely frustrating for her.  She is an intermediary figure, linked to the working class through the students to whom she is devoted, and to the ruling class by birth and upbringing.  As the film progresses, she is reunited with her former boyfriend, Pedro, a spoiled, Western-educated politician-in-training.  Through him, we are given a portrait of those in power that is not very flattering, but seems very real (and not only for Angola!).

 

The fourth strand is the story of the prostitute Judite (this is her nom de guerre, the name that she took on when she too was conscripted into the military; her real name is Bárbara).  We learn that she was separated from her son by the war, and has been searching for him ever since.  Left with few options, but determined to survive, she has turned to prostitution.  But she too has hopes for a better life.

 

The narrative manages to weave these four strands together into an effective, coherent whole, joined by with lovely background music that is at times haunting, at others happy and hopeful.  It is like a dance, in which partners touch and then separate, touch and separate, toy with possibilities that may or may not work out. 

 

* * *

 

Born in Luanda in 1955, Zézé Gamboa worked in television in the Seventies and Eighties, then moved to documentaries in the Nineties, with Mopiopio, Breath of Angola (1991), Dissidence (1998), Burned by Blue (1999), and The Disquietude of Pessoa (2002).  The Hero, his first feature film, had its genesis in 1992, when the director saw a newspaper photo of a maimed, isolated soldier on the streets of Luanda.  He immediately set to work on the script with his collaborators, but it would take him nearly a dozen years to be able to make the film.  The Hero has won numerous awards, including the first World Dramatic Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival in 2005. 

 

Though it is his first feature film, The Hero reveals the skilled hand of an experienced filmmaker.  The editing moves us easily from narrative strand to narrative strand, alternating easily between neo-realist long shots and intimate, emotional close-ups of his actors.  Unlike most films within the Neo-Realist tradition, Gamboa chose to work with professional actors, and it shows.  He received a certain amount of criticism for his casting, since few of his principal actors are Angolan (only young Milton “Santo” Coelho, who plays Manu is from Angola): the actresses who play Barbara and the grandmother are from Brazil, the woman who plays the teacher is from Guinea-Bissau, and Oumar Makéna Diop, who plays Vitório, is from Senegal (and had to be dubbed).  But the director stubbornly stands by his decision, and indeed Makéna Diop provides a very powerful performance here (Festival audiences may remember him from the 1998 film TGV, and the 2000 film Lumumba).  His Vitório is not a simple, despairing, passive victim (as is often the case in films like this): he is proud, perceptive, stubborn, and articulate.  In fact, all of the principal characters are played with subtlety and emotional complexity.

 

In the end, this film is a snapshot of a time and a place, an Angola struggling to find a new path for itself, but it is much more than that.  One has only to think of the haunting, powerful images:  of the people waiting in line for the chance to appear on camera so that they can make a plea for news of their missing loved ones; or the image of the soldier’s face as he is told repeatedly that there is nothing in this society for him; or the image of young Manu gazing at the moon—this is a work with universal appeal, the work of a filmmaker with a powerful vision and a subtle hand.  That in itself is cause for hope.

 

--Notes by Michael Dembrow

 

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