Avoiding Weak Arguments

Using Sources

· Full, Clear Citations

· “Unbiased” Sources (Perceived as)

· Contextual Validity

· Relevant to Argument

Using Personal Evidence

· Honestly Presented (Trust?)

· Full Disclosure

· Relevant to Argument

Using Opinions

· Recognized “Experts”

· Demonstrated “Experts” (e.g., Author)

· Shared Opinions (“One of Us”)

Using Generalizations

· Accepted by Audience

· Understood of Audience

· Relevant to Argument

Using Logic

· Clearly Presented

· Strong analysis (w/out fallacy)

· Demonstrated/Assumed Warrant (Toulmin)

· Relevant to Argument