Kinds
of Fallacies:
·
Ad Hominem/Straw Man: "To the Man", a claim based on
irrelevant attacks on a source's character
·
Bandwagon Appeals: "Everyone else is doing it"
·
Begging the Question/Circular Reasoning: A claim based on the same
grounds that are debated
·
Biased Language: Reliance on words/phrases with strong positive/negative connotations
·
Dogmatism: A claim based on expected acceptance within a given community
·
Either/Or Choices: Reducing an argument to only two choices, oversimplification
·
Equivocation: A false claim misrepresented in deceptive language, half-truth
·
False Authority: A claim based on an unqualified expert
·
Faulty Analogy: Reliance on inaccurate/inconsequential comparison of objects or
concepts
·
Faulty Causality: Unwarranted assumption that because one event follow another, the
first caused the second, superstition
·
Generalization: A claim based on an inference drawn from insufficient data
·
Moral Equivalence: Failure to distinguish between serious issues/problems and less
important issues/problems
·
Non-Sequitur: Illogical connections between claims and reasons, one point does not
follow another
·
Red Herring: An argument that brings in irrelevant issues as evidence
·
Scare Tactics: Reliance on exaggerated threats or dangers
·
Sentimentality: Reliance on excessive emotion
·
Slippery Slope: An argument that suggests a relatively unimportant action will have
serious adverse consequences in the future