|

Creating Flexible Work Options for Employees
Contents:
Back to Employer Contents

 |
Introduction
|
Both large and small businesses are discovering that flexible
work options not only benefit today's diverse working populations, but benefit
employers and their business operations as well.
Employers, including those that face labor shortages or
experience problems with employee recruitment, retention, absenteeism, and job
satisfaction, are recognizing the advantages of offering employees alternative
work arrangements whenever possible.
For many workers, including potential workers with disabilities,
the traditional fixed five-day-a-week work schedule may be difficult or
prohibitive due to commuting problems, personal or family medical needs,
work-family conflicts, daycare, elder care, and other personal
circumstances. For a growing number of workers, and potential workers, a
"binding" work schedule and work location can pose substantial hurdles
to employment. However, by companies implementing job schedule and
location flexibility, and by using available telecommunications technology, job
needs and demands can often be met, and a win-win situation can prevail for both
employers and employees.
The following presents a brief overview of flexible work
options, identifies benefits to employers and employees, and provides a
framework for determining if, and how, flexible work arrangements can be
implemented and offered in your workplace. Resources for additional
information on this topic are provided as well.
Back to Flexible Work Contents
 |
|
 |
Types of Flexible Work Arrangements
|
FlexTime:
 |
Job Sharing: A full-time position is
split between two co-workers by mutual
agreement, and benefits are given in proportion to the number of hours each
person works.
|
 |
Fixed FlexChoice: Employees choose
from among fixed, alternative work
schedules.
|
 |
Period FlexChoice: Fixed hours are
chosen by employees for a work period,
but may vary from period to period.
|
 |
Daily FlexChoice: Starting and
quitting times may vary each day.
|
 |
Staggered FlexChoice: Employees begin
and quit at varied times.
|
 |
Open FlexChoice: Employees choose the
combination of scheduled work
hours that total the number of hours required each week.
|
 |
Core FlexChoice: Employees must be at
work at specified "core" times,
but other hours are flex-scheduled by employees.
|
 |
Compressed Work Week: Employees
complete their weekly work hour
requirements in fewer than five days.
|
 |
Non-paid Time: Employees may take
time off without pay as their work
loads permit.
|
 |
Comp Time: Employees may add hours to
their work schedule, during peak
work periods, for example, that can later be used for compensatory time off.
|
 |
Outcome-Based Schedule: Employees are
accountable for projects, work
assignments, and tasks completed rather than for hours worked or time spent
onsite. |
FlexLocation:
 |
Telecommuting: Employees work part of
the work week at home, often via telecommunications.
|
 |
Teleworking: Employees conduct all
work at home via telecommunications.
|
 |
Telecommuting from Work Centers: Employees
work part of the week at
local employer work centers via telecommunications.
|
 |
Remote Work Centers: Employees work
at satellite work centers, maintained
by the employer, to provide telecommuters (often in rural areas) office space and telecommunication resources. |
Satellite Options:
 |
Center houses telecommuters employed by one
employer; |
 |
Center houses telecommuters employed by several
employers
that maintain the center jointly; |
 |
A community center provides space and resources
to
telecommuters (from one or more employers) in a local area. |
Back to Flexible Work Contents
 |
Benefits for Employers
|
Flexible work...
 |
Helps attract employees;
|
 |
Increases the pool of potential quality workers, including
workers with disabilities,
workers caring for a spouse, partner, parent, or child, workers living in
distant
locations, workers with limited transportation, and others;
|
 |
Improves employee productivity;
|
 |
Reduces absenteeism;
|
 |
Reduces employee leave-time due to work-family obligations
and other personal
needs;
|
 |
Improves customer service provided by front-line
employees;
|
 |
Improves employee morale and job satisfaction;
|
 |
Provides potential for offering after-hour services to
customers;
|
 |
Improves employees' work quality and job performance;
|
 |
Improves productivity by accommodating employees' "bioclocks"
(periods of
energy and fatique);
|
 |
Helps meet environmental requirements by reducing the
number of employees
commuting;
|
 |
Reduces costs related to: |
 |
work space (less is needed); |
 |
sick time (less is used); |
 |
productivity (employees are more
productive); |
 |
resources (less computer space and access
are needed, for example); |
 |
increased hours of customer service; |
 |
employee safety (fewer accidents at the
job site and commuting); |
 |
environmental requirements (reducing the
number of commuters); |
 |
relocation of employees (teleworking may
avoid relocating workers). |
Back to Flexible Work Options
 |
Benefits for Employees
|
Flexible work...
 |
Provides opportunities for many individuals who desire to
work, including individuals with disabilities, to become employed;
|
 |
Enables care providers (people caring for spouses,
partners, children, or parents)
the opportunity to work;
|
 |
Enables individuals to attend to personal medical or
rehabilitative needs;
|
 |
Enables working parents the opportunity to meet family
needs and obligations;
|
 |
Reduces absenteeism and use of sick leave;
|
 |
Accommodates individual "bioclocks" (periods of
energy and fatigue);
|
 |
Improves job satisfaction and morale;
|
 |
Reduces, eliminates, or improves commuting time;
|
 |
Provides greater time flexibility;
|
 |
Increases work productivity;
|
 |
Improves work quality;
|
 |
Reduces or eliminates interruptions experienced at the
workplace;
|
 |
Reduces job-related stress;
|
 |
Provides greater employment-location flexibility
(telecommuting and teleworking). |
Back to Flexible Work Contents
Questions to Consider
 |
Employee Job Tasks:
Can some or all job tasks be completed at another location?
Can some or all job tasks allow for work schedule flexibility?
Can some or all job tasks be grouped and scheduled for telecommuting days?
|
 |
Personal Contact:
What percentage of the job requires onsite contact with other
staff? Customers?
Can all or some contact be accomplished via telecommunications?
|
 |
Management Operations:
How much onsite supervision, oversight, or direction is needed?
Are employees able to work independently and be self-directive in
accomplishing their tasks?
Is management by objective possible?
Can employees' performance be evaluated in part by accomplishment of
set objectives and tasks?
|
 |
Project and Assignment Completion:
Are all or some job tasks project- or paperwork-oriented?
Telephone-oriented?
Can all or some projects, paperwork, or tasks be completed at home or be
done
on telecommuting days?
How much supervisory oversight or assistance is needed?
Can supervisory direction and assistance be provided via
telecommunications?
Can employee evaluations be based in part on objectives met?
|
 |
Employee Compatibility - Telecommuting:
Do employees demonstrate an ability to work independently?
Do employees demonstrate self-motivation and self-direction?
Would telecommuting improve employee job satisfaction and morale?
Would telecommuting improve the quantity and quality of work performed?
|
 |
Resources:
Do employees have needed resources and equipment, or could they
acquire
resources and equipment to work at home?
Do employees have knowledge and skills in telecommunications, if needed?
Is physical access to needed resources only available onsite?
Can resource use needed be done on non-telecommuting days?
|
 |
Security:
Are job-related tasks or information confidential or require physical
security?
Could encryption be used?
Could confidential documents or reports be submitted in person on non-
telecommuting days? |
Back to Flexible Work Contents
 |
Resources for Further Information
|
Reference:
Telecommuting: A Manager's Guide to Flexible Work
Arrangements, by Joel
Kugelmass (Senior Management Analyst), Lexington Books, 1995.
This book provides helpful information and guidance related to
planning and
implementing flexible work options for employees.
Web Resources:
Telecommuting:
An Option for Workers with Disabilities - Oregon Office of Energy
Telework
Services: Case Studies, Guidebook, and Kit - Washington State University
Telecommuting Advisory
Council
Teleworking for
the Disabled
Types
of Flexible Work Arrangements
Flextime
and the Small Business
Flexible Work Schedules
Back to Flexible Work Contents
Back to Employer Contents
|